练习与模拟卷

写作课的练习只有一个标准：先闭卷写，再对答案，最后把错句重写一遍。只看答案不动笔，等于没练。本页练习按题型从易到难排列，最后一节是完整 150 分钟模拟。

使用顺序建议：小题（选择/匹配/介词/翻译）每天 20 分钟，写作题每周 2 篇成文。所有参考答案为示例答案，不是唯一答案；只要你的写法满足"格式对、信息全、语气当"，就是好答案。

Part 1　选择题（12 题）

考点：写作原则、语气得体、格式规范、搭配。先自己做，再看解析。

1. 下列哪一句最符合商务写作"简洁（conciseness）"原则？

A. We are writing this letter for the purpose of informing you that your order has been received.
B. Your order No. 7741 has been received and is being processed.
C. It is our great pleasure to hereby acknowledge receipt of the above-mentioned order.
D. We would like to take this opportunity to tell you that we have got your order.

2. 一封催货邮件，最合适的主题行是：

A. Urgent!!!
B. About the goods
C. Overdue delivery – Order No. 8842
D. I am writing to ask where my order is

3. 信函以 "Dear Sir or Madam" 开头，结束敬语应为：

A. Yours sincerely　B. Yours faithfully　C. Best wishes　D. Yours truly

4. 备忘录（memorandum）通常不包含下列哪一项？

A. TO　B. SUBJECT　C. Dear Mr. Smith　D. DATE

5. 客户货款已逾期两周，第一次正式催款，最得体的句子是：

A. You must pay immediately or we will sue you.
B. We note that Invoice No. 118 remains unpaid and should be grateful if you would arrange settlement within seven days.
C. Why haven't you paid us yet?
D. Please pay the money as soon as possible, thank you.

6. 就货物破损向供应商索赔，正确搭配是：

A. lodge a claim to the supplier for the damage
B. lodge a claim against the supplier for the damage
C. make a claim with the supplier on the damage
D. claim the supplier with the damage

7. 下列哪一句是典型的中式英语？

A. We look forward to hearing from you.
B. Please contact with us if you need help.
C. The goods comply with EU standards.
D. Delivery will be made within 30 days.

8. 表示"本报盘有效期至 11 月 10 日"，最规范的是：

A. This offer is valid until 10 November.
B. This offer is firm, subject to your reply reaching us by 10 November.
C. Our price can be used before 10 November.
D. The offer will die on 10 November.

9. 第一次给潜在海外客户发开发信，语气应为：

A. 正式　B. 完全口语化　C. 幽默随意　D. 命令式

10. 索赔信中最不必要的内容是：

A. 订单号与到货日期　B. 损坏的数量与情形　C. 对对方人品的指责　D. 明确的要求与期限

11. 下列哪一句语法正确？

A. We look forward to hear from you.
B. We look forward to hearing from you.
C. We are looking forward to receive your reply.
D. We look forward to your reply us soon.

12. 报告的"建议"部分，最规范的写法是：

A. Maybe we should do something about it.
B. 1. Set a 48-hour response standard. 2. Add two staff from January.
C. The writer thinks the company is not good.
D. It is hoped that improvements will be made in the future.

查看答案与解析

1. B　A、C、D 都是"铺垫式冗长"。商务写作第一句就给结论。

2. C　主题行=品类/订单号+动作，8 词内；A 全大写+感叹号，B 无信息，D 是句子。

3. B　不知姓名（Sir/Madam/Sirs）→ Yours faithfully；知姓名 → Yours sincerely。这是硬规则。

4. C　备忘录用 TO/FROM/DATE/SUBJECT 台头，不用称呼也不用敬语，因为它是内部文件。

5. B　remind→notice→unless 三档递进。A 威胁、C 质问、D 口语，都不合格。

6. B　固定搭配 lodge a claim against sb for sth。

7. B　contact 是及物动词，去掉 with 即可；其余三句均为标准表达。

8. B　"firm + subject to your reply reaching us by…"是报盘有效期的标准句式，同时说明实盘性质。

9. A　首次接触的商务信函必须正式；口语化只用于已建立关系的日常往来。

10. C　指责人品会激化冲突；索赔靠事实、损失、要求三件套，不靠情绪。

11. B　look forward to 的 to 是介词，后接动名词或名词。

12. B　建议要编号、以动词开头、可执行。A 含糊、C 主观、D 空话。

Part 2　词汇匹配（10 组）

把左侧术语与右侧释义配对。

术语释义
1. counter-offerA. 买方看过样品后提出的修改价
2. proforma invoiceB. 装运前由买方银行开立的付款保证
3. bill of ladingC. 卖方对还价的回应
4. letter of creditD. 承运人签发的货物收据与运输合同
5. minimum order quantityE. 报关用的货物原产国证明
6. certificate of originF. 供买方申请开证的临时发票
7. lead timeG. 从下单到交货所需的时间
8. force majeureH. 单笔订单的最低数量
9. arbitrationI. 不可抗力
10. consignmentJ. 由第三方裁决争议的方式
查看答案

1-A　2-F　3-D　4-B　5-H　6-E　7-G　8-I　9-J　10-一批货物（原题若给"a batch of goods sent for sale"，则 10 与之配对）

注：本题为练习用自编配对，术语释义以教材定义为准。

Part 3　介词与固定搭配填空（15 题）

1. Our delivery time depends ______ the quantity ordered.
2. The goods must comply ______ the safety standards of the destination market.
3. This offer is subject ______ our final confirmation.
4. The delay resulted ______ a shortage of raw materials.
5. The strike resulted ______ the loss of two orders.
6. We are writing ______ reply to your enquiry of 5 May.
7. Please inform us ______ any change in your requirements.
8. We apologise ______ the inconvenience caused.
9. We have lodged a claim ______ the supplier ______ USD 2,700.
10. Europe accounts ______ 40% of our total sales.
11. The shipment is to be made in accordance ______ the contract.
12. Please reply ______ 10 November at the latest.
13. We are committed ______ quality control.
14. The vessel arrived ______ Huangpu Port on 5 November.
15. We look forward ______ hearing from you.
查看答案

1. on　2. with　3. to　4. from　5. in　6. in　7. of　8. for　9. against / for　10. for　11. with　12. by　13. to　14. at　15. to

4 与 5 的对照是重点：result from（由…造成，后接原因）／result in（导致，后接结果）。

Part 4　句子翻译（中译英，15 句）

1. 感谢贵方 10 月 12 日就来函询问我方办公椅。
2. 我方报盘为每把 45 美元 FOB 广州，以你方 11 月 10 日前答复为准。
3. 很遗憾，我方无法接受你方还盘，因为该价格使我方几乎无利可图。
4. 货物将于收到订单确认后 30 天内装运。
5. 请开立即期不可撤销信用证。
6. 该批货物中有 60 把椅子严重刮伤。
7. 我方不得不就此向你方提出 2,700 美元的索赔。
8. 延误是由于原材料短缺造成的。
9. 我方已采取措施防止此类问题再次发生。
10. 请对发票金额的 110% 投保一切险。
11. 该笔款项已逾期一个月。
12. 如蒙寄送最新目录，不胜感激。
13. 我方期待早日收到贵方回复。
14. 我方愿就六个月的试用期进行商谈。
15. 请确认上述安排是否可行。
查看参考答案

1. Thank you for your letter of 12 October enquiring about our office chairs.

2. We offer USD 45 per unit FOB Guangzhou, subject to your reply reaching us by 10 November.

3. We regret that we are unable to accept your counter-offer, as the price leaves us almost no margin.

4. Shipment will be effected within 30 days of receipt of your order confirmation.

5. Please open an irrevocable L/C at sight.

6. Sixty chairs in the consignment were badly scratched.

7. We have to lodge a claim against you for USD 2,700.

8. The delay resulted from a shortage of raw materials.

9. We have taken steps to prevent a recurrence.

10. Please cover the consignment against All Risks for 110% of the invoice value.

11. The payment is now one month overdue.

12. We should be grateful if you would send us your latest catalogue.

13. We look forward to your early reply.

14. We would be glad to discuss a trial period of six months.

15. Please confirm whether this arrangement is acceptable to you.

评分自检：时态、单复数、介词各查一遍；宁可句子短，也不要长句出错。

Part 5　短文写作（40—50 词，限时 12 分钟/篇）

题 1

情境：你是 ABC 家具公司销售助理 Li Hua。客户 Mr. Brown 询问 X200 办公椅报价。回信告知：单价 45 美元 FOB 广州；30 天内交货；目录见附件。

查看参考范文
Subject: Quotation – Model X200 office chairs Dear Mr. Brown, Thank you for your enquiry about our Model X200 office chairs. We can offer USD 45 per unit FOB Guangzhou, with delivery within 30 days of order confirmation. Our latest catalogue is attached. We look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua

要点：三个信息点齐全（价格、术语、交期）+ 附件一句 + 敬语配对。全文 44 词。

题 2

情境：你是销售部 Wang Ling。给全体销售人员发一封备忘录：新价格表 11 月 1 日生效，X200/X300 系列涨价 4%，10 月 31 日前确认的订单按旧价执行。

查看参考范文
MEMORANDUM TO: All Sales Staff FROM: Wang Ling, Sales Manager DATE: 20 October 2026 SUBJECT: New price list effective 1 November The new price list takes effect on 1 November 2026. Prices for the X200 and X300 series will rise by 4%. Orders confirmed before 31 October will be honoured at the old prices. Please contact me if you have any questions.

要点：Memo 无称呼无敬语；生效日 + 幅度 + 过渡政策三件事齐；结尾给联系出口。

题 3

情境：你是出口部 Chen Jing。客户 Ms. Larsen 下单一周后仍未收到形式发票，来信询问。回一封 45 词左右的邮件：致歉、说明系统故障、今日补发、承诺不影响 11 月 20 日装运。

查看参考范文
Subject: Proforma invoice – Order No. 5521 Dear Ms. Larsen, Please accept our apologies for the delay in sending your proforma invoice. A system failure interrupted our document processing last week. The invoice will be emailed to you today. The shipment date of 20 November remains unchanged. Yours sincerely, Chen Jing

要点：先致歉（不推诿）→ 事实 → 补救动作 → 消除对方最担心的点（交期）。43 词。

Part 6　商务信函写作（150—200 词，限时 40 分钟/篇）

题 4（投诉与索赔）

情境：你是 Great Wall Trading 采购经理 Zhang Wei。11 月 5 日收到订单 No. 7741 的 500 把椅子，其中 60 把椅腿严重刮伤，3 把无法组装；该批货用于圣诞季，已影响对两家客户的交付。要求 11 月 25 日前换货，或退款 2,700 美元，并请对方说明包装改进措施。

查看参考范文与结构点评
Subject: Complaint: damaged goods in shipment SH-1109 Dear Ms. Chen, I am writing to report a serious problem with our order No. 7741, which arrived at Huangpu Port on 5 November. According to the packing list, the consignment contained 500 office chairs in 100 cartons. On inspection, however, we found that 60 chairs in cartons 12 to 23 had badly scratched legs and three of them could not be assembled at all. Photographs of the damage are attached for your reference. This is the second time in six months that we have received damaged goods. As these chairs are intended for the Christmas season, we are now unable to meet our delivery commitments to two major customers. We must therefore ask you to replace the 60 damaged chairs by 25 November at the latest, or to refund USD 2,700 to our account. We would also appreciate your comments on how the packing can be improved. We value our five-year business relationship and look forward to your prompt reply. Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei Purchasing Manager, Great Wall Trading Co., Ltd.

结构点评：五段＝目的／事实／影响／要求／收尾，每段只做一件事。数字密度是这篇的关键：500、60、100 箱、12—23 箱、3 把、25 日、2,700 美元、五年。约 195 词。

题 5（询盘）

情境：你是瑞典 Nordic Home AB 采购部 Ms. Larsen。你司有 12 家门店，拟于春季首次订购 200 套藤制户外家具。写信给中国供应商：索取目录与 USD FOB 广州价目表、询问起订量与交期，并说明采购背景。

查看写作要点（不提供全文，自己写）
  • 第一段：自我介绍（12 家门店、瑞典）＋ 采购意图（200 套、春季）。
  • 第二段：三个具体请求——目录、FOB 广州美元报价、MOQ 与交期。
  • 第三段：一句期待回复＋敬语。
  • 必须出现：具体数字（12 / 200）、贸易术语（FOB Guangzhou）、时间（春季）。
  • 格式：日期、封内地址、Dear Sir or Madam、Yours faithfully。

题 6（理赔）

情境：你是供应商出口经理 Chen Jing，收到题 4 的投诉。回信：致歉、说明系托盘受损导致包装挤压、空运 60 把替换品并承担运费、损坏品不必退回、另补 300 美元处理费、说明包装已加护角。

查看写作要点
  • 顺序固定：致谢来信 → 致歉 → 原因 → 补救方案（逐条具体）→ 防止再发生的措施 → 收尾。
  • 方案必须可执行：空运 + 具体日期 + 费用承担方 + 旧货处置。
  • 不认全部责任也不能推诿：用 "It appears that…" 说明原因，不要写 "You must have mishandled the goods."
  • 结尾一句维护关系：We value the relationship and regret the inconvenience.

Part 7　150 分钟模拟卷

卷面结构（建议分配时间）

部分题型题量建议用时目标分
I选择题（写作原则、语气、格式、搭配）15 题15 分钟12/15
II词汇匹配 / 术语填空10 题10 分钟8/10
III介词与固定搭配填空10 题8 分钟8/10
IV句子翻译（中译英）10 句20 分钟7/10
V电子邮件/备忘录写作（40—50 词）2 篇25 分钟14/20
VI商务信件写作（150—200 词）1 篇45 分钟18/25
VII检查与誊清—20 分钟—

以上为练习用模拟结构，参考大纲题型设计，分值按练习需要设定；实际试卷题型与分值以官方为准。做模拟时严格计时，中途不看答案。

模拟题（用本页 Part 1—6 题目组合成卷）

  1. I 选择题：用 Part 1 的 12 题 + 从 句型与术语页的介词表中自出 3 题。
  2. II 术语匹配：用 Part 2，限时 10 分钟。
  3. III 介词填空：用 Part 3，限时 8 分钟。
  4. IV 翻译：用 Part 4 前 10 句，限时 20 分钟。
  5. V 短文：Part 5 题 1 与题 3，各 12 分钟，写完立刻数字数。
  6. VI 长信：Part 6 题 4，45 分钟，必须写满格式六件套。
模拟后的动作比模拟本身重要：把失分分成四类——① 格式错　② 信息漏　③ 语法/拼写错　④ 字数不达标。每类记下 1 条对策，下一次模拟只盯这四条。

Part 8　写完必查清单

检查项具体动作常见失分
格式六件套日期、称呼、主题/Re、正文分段、敬语、姓名职务漏主题行、敬语错配
信息完整性把题目条件逐条划掉核对漏交期、漏金额
数字与日期日期全文一种写法；金额带币种20/10/26、$22.500
语法三查时态一致、主谓一致、单复数goods is、informations
拼写六词receive / believe / sincerely / enclosure / apology / inconvenience拼错直接影响印象分
语气有没有 you must / you should 这类命令式显得强硬无礼
字数短文 40—50；长信 150—200不足 30% 会明显扣分
本页所有练习题、参考范文均为教学自编，非历年真题、非教材原文；情境、公司名与人名均为虚构。
题型设计参考该课程自考大纲及其附录样题；实际考试题型、题量与分值以当次试卷为准。
050262 学习小站 · 13607 练习与模拟卷 · 更新于 2026-10-27